汽车余热驱动的回质型吸附空调系统的理论研究

Theoretical Study of Mass Recovery Adsorption Refrigeration Driving by Vehicle Waste Heat

针对传统蒸汽压缩式汽车空调的不足,分析比较了几种常见余热制冷技术在汽车节能领域中的应用,其中固体吸附式制冷空调被认为较有优势.设计了一种新型汽车余热驱动的回质型固体吸附空调系统,分别利用热管式换热器回收高温尾气余热和相变蓄热换热装置贮存发动机循环冷却水余热驱动回质型吸附制冷空调系统运转,有效提高了燃料利用率和发动机性能,改善了车内热舒适性.经计算,与传统压缩式空调相比,采用本系统后汽车百千米省油0.76 L,节能减排效果明显,经济效益显著.

The applications of several common waste heat-driven refrigeration technologies in the field of energy-saving for automobiles are analyzed and compared. It is concluded that solid adsorption refrigeration technology has advantages over other proposed cooling technologies. A novel solid adsorption automobile air-conditioning system with mass recovery is designed. It is driven by the waste heat of exhaust gas recovered by heat pipe and the waste heat of engine coolant stored by phase change materials, which can increase fuel efficiency, improve engine performance significantly, and ensure thermal comfort inside the vehicle. The calculated results indicate that compared with conventional vapor compression air-conditioning, utilization of this system will save 0.76 liters gasoline per one hundred kilometer for a vehicle. Thus, obvious energy-saving effects and significant economic benefits can be obtained.