中草药复合益生菌制剂对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗病力及水质的影响

Effects of a Probiotics Combined with Chinese Herbal Medicine on Growth Performance, Water Quality and Resistance to Diseases for Litopenaeus vannamei

将枯草芽孢杆菌、纳豆芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌等比例混合,制成芽孢杆菌制剂;将芽孢杆菌制剂与粪肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌等比例混合制成复合益生菌制剂;将分别用3种芽孢杆菌发酵的中草药等比例混合制成中草药芽孢杆菌制剂;将分别用5种益生菌发酵的中草药等比例混合,制成中草药复合益生菌制剂。在饲料中分别添加4种益生菌制剂（活菌为2×10~7 cfu/g）,研究4种制剂对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）生长、抗病力及水质的影响。结果表明：1）4种益生菌制剂均可提高凡纳滨对虾的成活率、增重率和饲料利用率（P〈0.05）,中草药益生菌制剂组的促生长效果优于益生菌制剂组,以中草药复合益生菌制剂组促生长效果为最佳（P〈0.05）;2）4种益生菌制剂均可维持对虾养殖水体p H值、氨态氮和亚硝酸盐含量的稳定（P〈0.05）,中草药益生菌制剂对水质的改良效果优于益生菌制剂（P〈0.05）;3）用1×10~8 cfu/m L的哈维氏弧菌（Vibro harveyi）菌液浴浸泡凡纳滨对虾10 d,凡纳滨对虾的累计死亡率由大到小依次为中草药复合益生菌制剂组（31.11%）、复合益生菌制剂组（35.56%）、中草药芽孢杆菌制剂组（37.78%）、芽孢杆菌制剂组（44.44%）、对照组（93.33%）。在饲料中添加一定比例的中草药复合益生菌制剂可提高凡纳滨对虾的生长指标、改善养殖水体环境、提高对虾的抗病力。

The effects of a probiotics combined with Chinese Herbal Medicine on growth performance, water quality and resistance to diseases of Litopenaeus vannamei were studied by adding four different probiotics（2×10~7 cfu/g）, compound Bacillus（mixed Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus natto and Baclicus lincheniformis with equal parts）, Chinese herbal medicine compound Bacillus, compound Probiotics（mixed Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and compound Bacillus with equal parts）, Chinese herbal medicine compound probiotics, respectively to the feed. The results indicated that：（1） Four probiotics had significant effects on survival rate, weight-gaining and feed conversion ratio（P〈0.05）, and Chinese herbal medicine probiotics group on the growth promoting effect is better than that of probiotics group, that of Chinese herbal medicine compound probiotics group to the best（P〈0.05）.（2） Four probiotics can maintain the stable of p H, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite of aquaculture water（P〈0.05）, The effects of Chinese herbal medicine probiotics on the improvement of water quality is better than that of probiotics（P〈0.05）;（3） After water bath soak Litopenaeus vannamei with containing 1×10~8 cfu/m L of Vibro harveyi for 10 d, the cumulative mortality rate of Litopenaeus vannamei respectively are Chinese herbal medicine compound probiotics（31.11%）, compound Brobiotics（35.56%）, Chinese herbal medicine compound Bacillus（37.78%）, compound Bacillus（44.44%）, control group（93.33%）. Results showed that by adding a certain proportion of Chinese herbal medicine compound probiotics, the growth index of Litopenaeus vannamei can be enhanced, the quality of aquaculture water and capacity of disease resistance can be improved.