喀斯特典型区有机和常规生产烤烟主要化学成分分析

Main chemical components of organic and conventional tobacco leaves in typical karst area

【目的】分析我国西南喀斯特典型区有机和常规两种生产方式下烟叶主要化学成分,并探讨其质量特征,为指导有机烟叶长期高效、高质量的生产提供科学依据。【方法】以贵州省金沙县石灰土种植的烤烟K326为供试作物,采用有机和常规两种方式生产烤烟,分别测定6个种植点的上、中、下部烟叶中烟碱、总糖、还原糖、总氮、钾和氯含量及糖碱比、氮碱比、钾氯比。【结果】金沙县有机和常规生产方式的烤烟烟叶主要化学成分烟碱、总糖、还原糖、总氮、钾和氯含量及糖碱比、氮碱比、钾氯比大多处于适中或趋于适中水平,其质量总体较好,烤烟生产方式由常规转为有机后,烟叶的烟碱含量增加,部分达到较高水平,总糖含量和糖碱比降低,且上部叶和下部叶的总糖含量转为适宜水平,钾含量和氮碱比无明显变化。【结论】我国西南喀斯特曲型区烤烟有机生产方式采用的肥料配方应减少有机氮肥、增施钾肥,增强降碱增钾效果,以提高有机烟叶生产质量。

[Objective]In order to provide scientific basis for efficiently producing high-quality tobacco,the main chemical components in tobacco leaves produced by organic and conventional modes in typical karst area of Southwest China were determined to study quality characters.[Method]The tobacco variety K326 suitable for limestone soil of Jinsha county,Guizhou province was used as tested crop.The tobacco leaves were produced by organic and conventional modes,which were named organic tobacco and conventional tobacco,respectively.Then the contents of main chemical components viz.,nicotine,total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,potassium,chlorine in upper,middle and lower tobacco leaves from 6 production sites were determined.Meanwhile,the sugar-nicotine ratio,nitrogen-nicotine ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio were analyzed.[Result]The results showed that the main chemical components（nicotine,total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,potassium and chlorine） and their ratios in both organic and conventional tobacco leaves were in the optimum level or close to the optimum level.On the whole,the tobacco leaves were superior in quality.Compared with the conventional tobacco,the nicotine content of organic tobacco leaves was increased,and some increased to the higher level,the total sugar content and sugar-nicotine ratio in upper and lower leaves decreased to optimal level,and the potassium content and nitrogen-nicotine ratio were not significantly changed.[Conclusion]In order to improve quality of organic tobacco leaves in typical karst area of Southwest China,the formula of fertilizer should be modified and improved to strengthen effect of decreasing nicotine and raising potassium by applying more organic nitrogen fertilizer and less potassic fertilizer in actual production.