广东沿岸不同海域浮游动物群落结构的比较分析

Comparative analysis on community structure of zooplankton in different sea areas of Guangdong seacoast

【目的】探讨广东沿岸陆丰、珠海及茂名海域的浮游动物群落结构及多样性,为保护广东沿岸开发海域的生态环境和维持海洋生物资源的可持续利用提供基础资料。【方法】在野外调查的基础上,以网采和显微鉴定的方法,分析调查海域浮游动物的种类组成、生态类群、丰度和生物量及优势种等;采用Shannon-Weaver多样性指数(H')、均匀度(J)和生物多样性阈值(D_v)等指标,分析海域浮游动物多样性。【结果】3个海域共检出71种浮游动物和15类浮游幼体,均以近岸暖水性类群为主,属于亚热带沿岸性群落;优势种有13种和7类浮游幼体;浮游动物丰度和生物量均以珠海海域最高(2938.73 ind/m^3和92.97 mg/m^3),陆丰海域最低(73.94 ind/m^3和16.06 mg/m^3);H'、J和D_v分析结果一致,均以陆丰海域最高,茂名海域最低;陆丰海域生物多样性基本为Ⅰ~Ⅱ类水平,珠海海域基本为Ⅱ~Ⅲ类,茂名海域不同站位相差较大,从Ⅱ~Ⅴ类的水平不等。【结论】广东沿岸陆丰、珠海及茂名海域浮游动物均处于多样性较好或丰富水平,今后可根据此特点对广东沿岸海域进行有效地开发利用。

[Objective]The community structure and diversity of zooplankton in Lufeng,Zhuhai and Maoming sea areas of Guangdong seacoast were investigated,in order to provide basic data for protecting ecological environment of Guangdong seacoast and maintaining sustainable utilization of marine biological resources.[Method]Based on field investigation,the community characteristics of zooplankton were studied by the means of net sampling and microscope identification,which included species composition,ecological groups,abundance and biomass,dominant species and so on.The zooplankton diversity was analyzed using Shannon-Weaver diversity index（H＇）,evenness（J） and biodiversity threshold（D_v）,and other indicators.[Result]A total of 71 zooplankton species and 15 pelagic larvae were found out in investigated sea areas,and most of which were nearshore and warm-water species,which was characteristic of subtropical community along seashore.The dominant species included 13 species of zooplankton and 7 pelagic larvae.The abundance and biomass of zooplankton in Zhuhai sea area were found to be the highest,which were 2938.73 ind/m^3 and92.97 mg/m3,respectively.However,the abundance and biomass of zooplankton in Lufeng sea area were found to be the lowest,which were 73.94 ind/m^3 and 16.06 mg/m3,respectively.The analysis results of H＇,J and D,were consistent.The H＇,J and D_V of Lufeng sea area were found be the highest,and those of Maoming sea area were found to be the lowest.Furthermore,the biodiversity of Lufeng sea area was at the level of Ⅰ- Ⅱ,that of Zhuhai sea area was at the level of Ⅱ-Ⅲ,while that of Maoming sea area changed in a large range（Ⅱ-Ⅴ）,with the change of sampling stations.[Conclusion]The LuFeng,Zhuhai and Maoming sea areas of Guangdong seacoast showed rich diversity of zooplankton.In future,Guangdong seacoast should be developed and utilized on the basis of this characteristic and advantage.