驼背鲈头肾和脾脏的形态组织学观察

Morphology and histology of head-kidney and spleen in Cromileptes altivelis

【目的】观察研究驼背鲈(Cromileptes altivelis)头肾和脾脏的组织学结构,以充实该鱼类免疫器官的比较解剖学、组织学等基础资料,为深入研究驼背鲈生物学及其养殖学提供理论依据。【方法】常规采集驼背鲈的头肾和脾脏,经石蜡切片及HE染色后,光学显微镜下观察头肾和脾脏的显微组织结构。【结果】驼背鲈头肾位于食道背面、胸腔内咽退缩肌之上,其外覆盖一层疏松结缔组织性被膜,属于淋巴样实质组织,无肾单位及明显小梁,分为红细胞聚集区和白细胞聚集区,其实质主要由淋巴组织、血管和血窦组成,其间可见黑色素巨噬细胞中心。驼背鲈脾脏位于胃后方、肠的前部背面,表面也覆盖一层较薄的结缔组织性被膜,其实质由红髓和白髓混合排列组成,小梁不明显,含有大量的淋巴细胞、血细胞及粒细胞,有椭圆体和黑色素巨噬细胞中心,脾脏中的动脉、静脉及神经束互相结伴而行。【结论】驼背鲈头肾是机体重要的造血和免疫器官,而脾脏具有很强的血液过滤及储存功能。

[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to investigate morphology and histology of head-kidney and spleen in Cromileptes altivelis to enrich basic data about comparative anatomy and histology of immune organs of C.altivelis,in order to provide theoretical basis for C.altivelis biology and its aquaculture.[Method]The head-kidney and spleen of C.altivelis were collected by conventional sampling method,and the paraffin sections of which were prepared and stained with HE.Then the microstructures of head-kidney and spleen of fish were observed under optical microscope.[Result]The results showed that,the head-kidney of C.altivelis was located in the back of esophagus and above intrathoracic pharyngeal retraction muscle,its surface was covered with a very thin layer of loose connective tissue capsule,belonging to lymphoid parenchyma,but with no obvious trabcula and nephron.There were red blood cell centers and leukocyte centers in head-kidney.And head-kidney was mainly composed of lymphoid tissue,blood vessels and sinusoids,and the melanin macrophage centers were found among them.In addition,spleen was located in posterior of stomach and anterior part of intestine,its surface was also covered with a very thin layer of fibroid connective tissue capsule but with no obvious trabecula,and mainly composed of red pulp and white pulp.The spleen contained large quantities of lymphocytes,haemocytes,granulocytes,ellipsoids and melanin macrophage centers.Many arteries,veins and nerve tract in parallel arrangement went along with each other in spleen.[Conclusion]Head-kidney is an important hematopoietic and immune organ for C.altivelis,and spleen plays a strong physiological function in hemofiltration and blood storage.