行政法下政府规制成本与收益分析——以全国六个城市的限牌令为例

The Analysis of the Cost and Benefit About Government Regulation Under the Administrative Law——Taking License Plate Limit in Six Cities as the Example

限牌令的本质是政府规制工具当中的命令控制型工具,也是行政特许的一种。尽管就适当性原则的目的审查而言,限牌令的施行有合理的现实需求和考虑,但就合法性审查而言,仍然遭遇规制主体不独立、程序不合法的困境。探究限牌令是否在其他城市具有可复制性,要借助政府规制的成本与效益分析。具体而言,成本分析应考虑规制工具的选择因素以及立法、执法成本;效益分析应着重于风险和收益的平衡。据此,在中国语境下,政府规制应立足于提高规制型公共政策的可接受性、加强公私协力和自主规制在社会管理中的应用、发展公众参与型行政、完善替代性方案。

License plate limit in essence is one of the government regulation tools—command and control tool,which also belongs to the administrative franchise. Although license plate limit has reasonable practical needs from purpose review of rational principle,in terms of legality review,some problems still remain unsolved： lack of independent regulatory body and the legal procedure. As for whether or not license plate limit can be copied in other cities,the analysis of the cost and benefit about government regulation becomes vital. Specifically,the cost analysis should consider choice of a regulatory tool and the cost of legislation and enforcement while benefit analysis should focus on the balance between risks and benefits. Accordingly,under Chinese context,government regulation must be based on improving the acceptability of the public policy regulation,strengthening the application of public-private partnership and the independent regulation in social management,developing the administration with the participation of the public and perfecting the plans for alternative.