中国电力行业环境技术效率及影响因素研究——基于1995—2012年省级面板数据

The Study of Environmen Technical Efficiency and the Impact Factors of Electrical Industry in China—Based on Provincial Panel Data of 1995—2012

基于电力系统生产供应的内在机制和NSBM(Network SBM)模型,将能源、环境因素纳入投入产出体系,打开系统内部的"黑箱",考察1995—2012年中国30个省区电力行业总体、发电环节和电网环节的环境技术效率。结果表明:中国电力行业环境技术效率特别是环境纯技术效率偏低。1998年"政企分开"的体制改革对电力行业环境技术效率有正向促进作用,而2002年"厂网分开"的体制改革则未起到积极作用;国有资产控制水平与发电环境技术效率呈倒"U"形关系,临界值为69.6%,2002年以后有越来越多的地区位于临界点的左侧;集中输入和集中输出的跨区电力贸易促进了发电环境技术效率的提高,但不利于电网环境技术效率的提升;煤炭资源聚集的地区环境技术效率偏低,表明这些地区存在资源滥用和环境治理不到位的情况,同时也体现了地区层面的"资源诅咒""污染天堂"现象。

Based on internal production and supply mechanism of power system and the NSBM model,this paper opens the'black box'of the system and investigates the environment technical efficiency of total electrical industry, power generation and power network from 1995 to 2012 in China, involving the energy and environmental factors in the input-output system. The conclusion is that the environment technical efficiencies of Chinese electrical industry are very low. The reform in 1998 which detached government from enterprises promoted the efficiency, while the other reform in 2002 which detached power from grid did not. A U-shaped relationship is found between the proportion of state ownership and the efficiency of power generation, and the threshold value is 69.6%. More and more areas are located in left of the threshold value after 2002. Regional electricity trade promotes the environment technical efficiency of power generation, but does not promote that of power network. The environment technical efficiency in the areas of coal resources accumulation is low, indicating that these areas probably abuse resources and lack of environmental governance, and the paradoxical'resource curse' and 'pollution heaven' hypothesis existing between areas.