从“用具”到“技术”——海德格尔此在的敞开与遮蔽思想流变解读

From Appliance to Technology——A Interpretation of the Uncovering and Cooncealing of Heidegger's Dasein

在探讨人与"技术"的关系方面,海德格尔是一位先驱式的人物。他对人与"技术"关系的思考可分为两个阶段:前期主要集中在《存在与时间》中,通过对"用具"的分析构建出"此在"的在世方式,展现出"用具"在构建"此在"与世界关系中的积极作用。"此在"在"操心"中直面"用具"而敞开自身进入真理之领域,从而实现了人的自由;后期在《技术的追问》中,他对现代技术进行了批判,追问得出现代技术的本质是"座架"。此种本质将世界解蔽为单一的向度,造成了"此在"的遮蔽,使人的生存陷入困境。在这两个阶段,他分别使用了"用具"和"技术"两个概念,并指出两者是不一样的。"用具"和"技术"虽然指涉的对象一致,但是通过对两者的分析,海德格尔展现出的是此在的敞开与遮蔽状态。

Heidegger was a pioneer in discussing the relationship between human and technology. His thinking can be divided into two stages. The early stage thinking mainly existed in Being and Time. Through the analysis of appliance, it constructed the existence of Dasein in the world and showed the positive role of appliance in the construction of the relationship between the world and Dasein. It opened itself and went into the realm of truth by confronting appliance directly. In his later academic career, he criticized technology in The Questioning of Technology. He got the conclusion that the essence of modern technology is Gestell. Under this essence, the manifestation of humanity was covered, and presented as one-dimensional. That caused the offen of Dasein. This is the biggest danger that humanity is facing. He used two different concepts: appliance and technology, and he said those two concepts were different. The difference is: although the meaning of appliance and that of technology are the same, through the analysis of them, Heidegger shows the offen and cover of Dasein.