中国光电设备制造业出口的经济利益和环境成本

Economic Benefits and Environmental Costs in Exports of China's Manufacturing of Electrical and Optical Equipment

基于世界投入产出数据库(WIOD)1995—2009年投入产出表和能源账户数据,运用出口总额分解框架对总出口数据进行分解,得到中国出口增加值。运用投入产出分析法,测算得到中国出口贸易隐含碳。分别用增加值和隐含碳衡量光电设备制造业出口的经济利益和环境成本,并构建单位国内出口增加值的国内出口隐含碳指标,将其与美国进行比较,并对中美该差异因素进行分解分析。研究结果表明:中国光电设备制造业出口的增加值总体呈增加趋势,美国该部门的增加值在波动中略有上升;中国光电设备制造业国内出口隐含碳在研究期呈现"下降—上升—下降"的波动趋势,美国呈现显著的下降趋势;中、美两国光电设备制造业单位国内出口增加值的国内出口隐含碳指标数值均呈下降趋势,且中国显著高于美国;中、美该行业单位国内出口增加值的国内出口隐含碳排放差异在研究期内下降,LMDI分解结果表明,这一差距主要是由碳排放系数效应、增加值系数效应和投入产出结构效应带来的,且后两项在2005年之后驱动效应增大。

Based on the World Input-Output Database(WIOD)1995—2009 Input-Output Table and Energy Account Data,this paper uses the gross export eecomposition framework proposed by Koopman et al.to get the value added in export and input-output analysis to calculate CO2 embodied in export.chooses the domestic value added and CO2 emission embodied in exports as indicators to measure the economic benefits and environmental costs of the optical and electrical equipment sector’s export,and construts the index of CO2 emission per value added to measure the environmental costs of the unit economic benefits.We also select the United States to compare with China.Then,we decompose the value added per CO2 emission gap between China and the United States.The results show that the domestic value added in exports of China’s optical and electrical equipment sector have generally increased.The economic benefits of the export of this sector in the United States fluctuate slightly rise.The domestic embodied CO2 emission in the sector exports of China rose slightly in the fluctuation of'decline-increase-decline'.The domestic embodied CO2 emission in the sector exports of the United States shows a downward trend.To further study the index of value added per CO2 emission,both two countries have shown a downward trend,but China’s is still higher than that of the United States.The index gaps between the two countries dropped during the 1995—2009.The decomposition result shows that this gap is mainly caused by the carbon emission coefficient effect,the value added coefficient and the input-output structure effect.And the latter two terms have a greater driving effect after 2005 especially.