中国煤炭企业的产能过剩——程度测算、演变特征与影响因素

Over-capacity in China’s Coal Enterprises——Measurement, Evolution Characteristics and Causes

目前,中国煤炭企业产能过剩问题仍然严重,而准确衡量和判断煤炭企业产能过剩程度是科学化解产能过剩的前提。在传统产能利用率估计框架中,引入企业生产率异质性的影响,使用1998—2013年中国煤炭企业数据,对企业层面产能利用率进行测度,并检验其演变特征:2000年前,中国煤炭企业产能利用率逐年降低,2001—2008年呈现迅速上升趋势,随后产能利用率开始下降;煤炭企业产能利用率水平呈现显著的区域以及所有权差异,具有顺经济周期特性。进一步地,通过分析中国煤炭企业产能过剩的成因,发现:过度投资、政府补贴以及信贷扭曲是导致产能过剩的主要因素。因此,化解煤炭企业过剩产能,需要健全企业退出与转型机制、处理好政府与市场的关系,有效发挥市场资源配置作用。此外,要推动煤炭清洁高效的开发利用,形成安全高效清洁的煤炭供应保障体系。

Currently,the problem of over-capacity in China’s coal enterprises is still serious,and accurate measurement and judgment of overcapacity in coal enterprises is the premise of eliminating overcapacity scientifically.This paper puts the firm’s productivity heterogeneity into the traditional estimation framework of firm-specific capacity utilization(CU),and based on the China’s coal enterprises data measures CU during the period 1998—2013.Also,we analyze the evolution characteristics of CU in coal enterprises:CU in China’s coal enterprises decreased before 2000,rising rapidly during 2001—2008,and began decreasing thereafter.Moreover,there are substantial differences in CU across regions and ownerships,and CU is strongly pro-cyclical.Further,we investigate the causes of over-capacity in China’s coal enterprises,and the results indicate that:the over-investment,government intervention and credit distortion are important causes of the over-capacity.Therefore,to resolve the excess capacity of coal enterprises,it is necessary to improve the exit and transformation mechanism of enterprises,handle the relationship between the government and the market and give full play to the role of market resource allocation.In addition,the development and utilization of clean and efficient coal should be promoted to form a safe,efficient and clean coal supply security system.