生态修复责任的法律性质及实现机制

Analysis of Legal Nature of Ecological Restoration Responsibility and Implementation Mechanism

生态修复责任关乎生态环境损害责任实现。中国现行法律中生态修复责任表现为一种行政管制工具和一项法律责任方式。作为一项法律责任方式,司法实践中生态修复责任是以请求权为基础的民事责任,属于私法责任。生态修复责任虽有'私法责任'之名,但在私法责任的理论框架下,难以得到圆满解释和适用。遵照大陆法系公私法的二元划分,生态修复责任实为公法责任。此处的公法责任不同于传统的公法责任体系,是环保行政主管机关依赖公法规范督促监管污染者实施生态环境损害修复的责任。公法责任属性下生态修复责任的实现,应当建立起以'行政磋商修复+行政责令修复+行政代履行修复'为主导的公法机制。

The responsibility for ecological restoration is related to the realization of the responsibility for ecological damage.In the current law,the responsibility for ecological restoration is manifested as an administrative control tool and a legal responsibility.As a legal responsibility,the responsibility for ecological restoration in judicial practice is based on the civil liability of claim,which is a private law responsibility.This view contradicts the theory of private law liability.In accordance with the dual division of public and private law in the civil law system,the responsibility for ecological restoration is a public law responsibility.Different from the traditional public law liability system,the ecological restoration responsibility refers to the responsibility of the environmental protection administrative agency for supervising and supervising the polluters in the destruction and restoration of the ecological environment,which should be implemented through administrative consultations,administrative orders,and replace the fulfillment of the environmental administration.