未成年人社会观护体系的实证考察与路径重塑

Empirical Investigation and Path Reconstruction of Juvenile Social Protection System

无论域外经验,还是国内观护实践,均表明社会观护在降低羁押率、刑罚宽缓化、帮助回归社会等方面具有良好效果,有利于贯彻以非羁押为原则,以监禁为例外。从问卷调查、实地调研可窥见,社会观护运行存在于法无据,无正当程序保障,观护基地与政府、司法行政机关之间权责不明,以及各地观护执行标准不一,帮教失灵等问题。针对践行顽疾,按照'保护理念化、观护模式化、运行规范化、管理专业化、主体多元化'的优化理念,通过创新性立法,逐步实现社会观护法律法规的体系化,建构复合型观护主体,组建一支专业化的观护队伍,探索'三层式'观护,保证平等地适用观护措施,明确观护基地与政府、司法行政机关之间的权利义务,最终迈向全面化、专业化和社会化的社会观护。

Regardless of foreign experience,or domestic practice,it shows that social care has a good effect in reducing the rate of detention,reducing the penalty rate and help the criminals to return to the society.It is advantageous to carry out the principle of non-custody with the exception of imprisonment.From the questionnaire surveys and field researches,it is found that social care operation is not entailed in the law with no due process protection,and responsibilities of care base and government and judicial administrative organs are implicit,and the implementation has different standards.In view of the practice,in accordance with the optimization concept of'the mode of protection,the standardization of operation,the management of specialization,the main diversification',and also through innovative legislation and the progressive realization of social protection laws and regulations of the system plus the protection of the main body,the formation of a professional care team is to explore the'three-tier'care mode to ensure equal application of protective measures.It is necessary to make clear about the rights and obligations of protection base and the government,the judicial and administrative organs and ultimately realize comprehensive,professional and socialized social care.