森林与减缓气候变化的研究进展

Research Progress on Forests and Climate Change Mitigation

通过对2006—2015年国外森林与气候变化相关的文献进行整理总结,研究气候变化对森林造成的主要影响以及如何利用森林减缓气候变化。结果表明,气候变化对森林生态系统与森林生产力都造成了影响,同时给森林经营者带来了经济损失。森林作为减缓气候变化的重要方式,主要策略包括降低森林碳排放与增加森林碳储量,具有成本优势,且有可能增加森林生态系统多样性。但由于土地权属的不清晰以及降低当地居民的生计水平与政府促进的碳市场交易成本过高等问题的存在,限制了森林减缓气候变化行动的开展。因此,下一步应关注如何实现减缓气候变化的政策目标与林农收益最大化的经营目标相一致,如何激励林农供给更多的森林碳汇。

Researches about forests and climate change conducted during 2006- 2015 were summarized,aiming to find out the effect of climate change on forests and how to mitigate climate change with forests. Results show that climate change has influenced the forest ecosystem and forest productivity and has caused economic loss for the forest land owners.Decreasing forest carbon emissions and increasing forest carbon sinks are both important as the primary strategies to mitigate climate change.Both strategies could be cost-effective and help increase the forest biodiversity.However,forest mitigation action was constrained by factors including the tenure ambiguity,effect on livelihood of local residents,and high transaction cost in the carbon market. Therefore,future researches should focus on how to achieve a consistency between policy makers who are eager to achieve mitigation goals and forest land owners whose top priority is to achieve economic goals.It is also important to explore how to motivate forest land owners to increase their supply of forest carbon.