“自恋”的出场澄清——对弗洛伊德“自恋”理论的文本考察

A Textual Survey of Freud's Theory of “Narcissism”

弗洛伊德自恋理论的发展大致分为三个阶段:早期的"自恋-力比多发展阶段论",自恋是在自体性欲阶段和对象化阶段之间的必要的过渡阶段;中期的"变形虫-仓库"收放模型,原始自恋离开自我(ego)指向外界客体,并再次返回自我的继发过程;后期自恋理论的结构主义视角,作为本能辩证转换结构轴心的自恋。弗洛伊德的自恋理论总体上被困于古典的力比多理论模型之中,主要突出其性意义,对非性自恋的心理机制探讨有限。但在他后期精致而复杂的本能辩证转换的结构分析中,明显表现出了结构主义的思想萌芽,由此开启了精神分析由古典通向现代的大门。

Freud＇s theory of narcissism has generally experienced three development stages： the early stage of development from ＂narcissism to libido＂,for narcissism is a necessary transition period between auto-eroticism and objectification; the middle stage of ＂amoeba-warehouse＂release model,i. e. the secondary process of the primitive narcissism leaving the ego for the external objects and returning to the ego; and the late stage of narcissism theory in the perspective of structuralism,that is,narcissism serves as the structural axis of the instinct dialectic transformation. Generally trapped in the classical libido theory model,Freud＇s theory of narcissism mainly highlights its sexual significance while making a limited study of the mental structure of non- sexual narcissism. However,in Freud＇s later delicate and complicated analysis of the dialectical transformation structure of instinct could be distinctly discerned the ideological bud of structuralism,thus having initiated the change of psychoanalysis from its classical stage to its modern one.