少数民族中小学汉语教学的性质和特点新论

Now Comment on The Nature and Characteristics of Chinese Language Teaching at Ethnic Primary and Secondary Schools

随着社会的发展变化,特别是实施双语教育以后,少数民族中小学汉语教学的性质发生了变化。文章确定了少数民族中小学汉语教学的新性质,即汉语教学是国家通用语言文字的教学,不同于一般民族语言文字教学;汉语教学是多元文化教学,要发挥汉语教学在弘扬传播中华文化、国家主流文化方面的优势。文章还分析了新疆少数民族中小学汉语教学的特点:汉语课程是少数民族基础教育的主课,具有多重功能;汉语课程是少年儿童的语言学习课程,具有儿童语言学习的特点;汉语课程促进语言对比教学,应充分利用学生母语的正迁移,克服母语的干扰;实施汉语课程具有地方性和民族性特点。因而,要根据少数民族中小学汉语课程的性质和特点来实施汉语教学。

The Characteristics of Chinese language teaching at ethnic primary and secondary schools have changed as the society has developed, particularly since bilingual education is implemented. The paper identifies the new characteristics of Chinese language teaching at ethnic primary and secondary schools as the official language teaching, which is different from the ethnic language teaching; and Chinese language teaching is multicultural teaching. It is important to maximise the advantage of Chinese language teaching in promoting Chinese culture and national mainstream culture. The paper further analyses the nature of Xinjiang Chinese language teaching: Chinese language is the core subject in ethnic group basic education, it is multi-functional; Chinese language subject enhances children's language learning and has the nature of children learning languages; Chinese language subject is language comparison teaching, and can make use of the positive mother-tongue migration and overcome mother-tongue interference; The implementation of Chinese language subject has geographical and ethnical characteristics. Therefore, it is important to teach Chinese language according to the nature and characteristics of Chinese language subject at ethnic primary and secondary schools.