柿子滩遗址楔型细石核工艺流程研究及相关问题探讨

A Comprehensive Study on Wedge-Shaped Microcores Excavated at Shizitan Sites

1980年,位于山西吉县清水河下游的柿子滩遗址首次被发现并发掘。2000—2010年,展开大范围调查与试掘。遗址由单个地点扩展为多个地点构成的遗址群,收获包括细石核在内的细石器组合、石片石器、石磨盘和棒、穿孔鸵鸟蛋壳、大量破碎骨片和烧骨等文化遗物,清理多个用火遗迹。这是我国北方一处地层清楚、文化遗存埋藏丰富、分布范围广的细石器原地埋藏遗址,对探讨我国细石器文化发生、早期现代人流动和农业起源等学术课题至关重要。本文综合迄今公布的全部细石核资料,按照操作链的思想,重点对楔型细石核进行类型学分析,认为几乎全部是按照先确定台面后修整楔状缘进行石核预制,处于预制、剥片、中止和废弃阶段的细石核类型均有,以剥片和中止两阶段的细石核较多,应该与当地石料易于获得有较大关系。此遗址较早阶段以船型细石核为主,逐渐被楔型细石核取代。

In 1980, the first site at Shizitan, located on the lower reaches of the Qingshui river in Jixian, Shanxi province, was discovered and excavated. From 2000 to 2010, an extensive survey and trial excavations were carried out at several sites along the river. Microliths（including mirocores）, flake tools, stone mortars and pestles, perforated ostrich eggs, bone pieces and burned bones in large numbers and traces of fire use have been discovered. As an archaeo logical site complex in north China, the Shizitan sites are noted for clear stratification, rich cultural remains and wide distribution of microliths and therefore are especially important to studies on the development of microlith culture in China, migration of early modern humans, the origins of agriculture, etc. The current author focuses on all the microcores discovered at Shizitan sites that have been published so far and makes a typological analysis of wedgeshaped microcores based on operation chain. It is contended that almost all the wedge-shaped microcores from Shizitan were prefabricated; the sides were determined before the edges were trimmed. Of the large amount of wedge-shaped microcores, chipped and suspended ones exceed prefabricated and abandoned ones in great number, probably because raw materials were easily accessible. In the earlier period of Shizitan culture, boat-shaped microcores were dominant but were gradually replaced by wedge-shaped ones.