大青山以南地区新石器时代陶窑研究

Neolithic Pottery Kilns South of Daqing Mountains

内蒙古大青山以南及其邻近地区自古就是古人类繁衍生息的重要场所,目前这一地区发现了大量史前时代陶窑遗址,时代包括属新石器时代的仰韶时期和龙山时期两大段。这一地区陶窑数量众多,类型多样,结构复杂,特别是火道系统富于变化,是陶窑结构中变化最为敏感的部位。文章重点分析了这一地区仰韶时代晚期海生不浪文化和龙山时代的阿善文化、老虎山文化及大口一期文化等几个考古学文化的陶窑形制,并进行了各考古学文化之间的横向和纵向考察。分析得出:自仰韶时代至龙山时代陶窑都以窑室平面呈圆形的A型为主,其次为平面椭圆形的B型;变化敏感的火道形式由仰韶晚期的以直向加环形火道系统为主,转变为龙山时代的以主火道和分火道组合为主的火道系统。最后,对与陶窑相关的专业化、私有化和有关产业问题进行尝试性探讨。

Region south of the Daqing Mountains and the surrounding areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were important sites of ancient human activities. Prehistoric pottery kiln sites dated to the Neolithic Yangshao to Longshan period have been discovered in this region in large numbers. These kiln sites are noted for varying types, complicated structures and, in particular, fire paths, a sensitive part in kiln structure. Analysis is given to the layout of kilns of Haishengbulang culture（late Yangshao）, Ashan and Laohushan cultures and the first phase of Dakou culture（Longshan）. Horizontal and vertical comparisons of these archaeological cultures are made as well. It is concluded that throughout the Yangshao to Longshan period, the kiln chambers were either circular（type A） or oval（type B） in plan; fire paths transformed from straight and curving paths in the late Yangshao period to main and secondary paths in the Longshan period. In the end, issues like specialization, privatization and related industries of these kilns are discussed.