抗战时期云南戏剧运动述论

Theatre Movement in Yunnan during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

抗战时期,早被称为歌舞之乡的云南兴起了一场抗日救亡背景下的戏剧运动。在这场主要应抗战宣传之需要的戏剧运动中,社会各界人士积极组织戏剧表演团体,包括话剧、京剧、云南地方戏等,参与戏剧演出;创办戏剧期刊与副刊,如副刊有《云南日报》的《艺术评论》、《南风》,《正义报》的《舞台与银幕》、《影与剧》,《益世晚报》的《戏剧》等,期刊有《综合艺术》、《影剧周刊》、《戏友》等,刊载戏剧作品及其它与戏剧相关的文章;创作戏剧剧本,可为代表者有《抽水马桶》、《野玫瑰》、《大地龙蛇》、《戚继光平倭记》、《小间谍》等;积极推动戏剧表演,影响较大者为《抗敌三部曲》、《孔雀胆》、《清宫外史》、《原野》、《野玫瑰》、《小间谍》等。抗战时期云南的戏剧运动既娱乐了民众,丰富了生活,又宣传了抗日,从更长远的角度来看,也培养了戏剧人才,其价值与意义值得深入思考。

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a theatre movement aiming at resisting the invaders and national salvation was launched in Yunnan, a province well-known for ethnic singing and dancing in various forms. Theatre companies or performing institutions were established all over Yunnan to present plays, Peking operas and local traditional dramas. Newspaper supplements and periodicals on theatre were published to introduce plays or carry professional articles, such as Art Review and South Winds（Yunnan Daily）, Stage and Screen and Film and Drama（Justice Newspaper）, Theatre（Yishi Evening News）, Comprehensive Art, Film and Drama Weekly and Friends of T heatre. Original plays written during this period include Water Closet, Wild Rose, Dragon and Serpent, Qi Jiguang Resisting Japanese Pirates and Little Spies. The most influential plays were A Trilogy of Resistance, Peacock Gallbladder, Unofficial History of the Qing Palace, The Wilderness, Wild Rose and Little Spies. The theatre movement in Yunnan not only provided entertainment for the public, but also fulfilled the purposes of war-time publicity and gave opportunities to the rise of theatre professionals.