基于生境斑块的滇金丝猴景观连接度分析

Analysis of landscape connectivity of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti) based on habitat patches

基于生境斑块,结合最小费用距离并运用图论法对滇金丝猴分布区进行栖息地连接度分析,研究利用猴群的现实分布结合Logistic回归模型确定了景观功能连接的最佳距离阈值,对于功能畅通的组分,以景观指数BC定量识别出作为"踏脚石"的优先保护区域;对于功能不连接的组分,绘制出最小费用路径,确定了该路径中优先恢复区域。结果表明:最佳的最小费用距离阈值为1400,该阈值下猴群主要存在于5个组分中,所有组分中猴群间的连接度优劣排序为组分3>组分1>组分5>组分4,龙马山猴群(G15)没有"踏脚石"斑块使其与同一组分内的其他猴群相连接,应考虑优先恢复该区域的植被,研究成果对于该物种的保护和其他濒危物种的类似研究具有较强的参考价值和借鉴意义。

Habitat fragmentation is a major cause of biodiversity loss; it impedes gene flow between populations and interrupts the network of habitat patches. Populations are faced with a high risk of extinction owing to their small and isolated habitat patches. The maintenance of landscape connectivity can promote population movement between habitat patches, and this is extremely important to maintain gene flow and biological dispersal in fragmented landscapes. Using current habitat patches, the least-cost distance method and graph theory were implemented to study the habitat connectivity across the distribution of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys, and the optimal distance threshold of landscape functional connectivity was identified. Priority protected areas referred to as ＂stepping stones＂ were quantitatively identified based on highly connected functional components. The least-cost path was estimated to determine restoration priority areas for less connected functional components. This study had the following aims ： （ 1 ） to explore new methods for identifying the optimal distance threshold, （2） to analyze the connectivity between monkey groups, and （3） to quantitatively analyze priority protected areas among monkey groups. The best resistance assignment for each habitat type was determined by a landscape genetics approach that combines the relationship between the least-cost-distance and gene flow, and reflects the promotion and impediment of the landscape matrix on species movement. The optimal threshold distance of least cost comprehensivelyreflected landscape features and species distribution characteristics; it incorporated the habitat area of each connected component into the monkey distribution. The priority conservation area was quantified using the landscape index. Based on the results, the optimal threshold distance of least cost was 1400 cost units. Monkey groups were mainly classified into five components that did not exceed this threshold, and the connectivity scores for monkey groups within components was Component 3 〉 Component 1 〉 Component 5 〉 Component 4. ＂ Stepping-stone＂ patches do not exist in the Longma mountain group, resulting in a disconnect between that group and other monkey groups. This connection should first be restored. The results of this study can facilitate the protection of this and other species.