蓝藻暴发的营养盐作用机制与控制研究进展

Progress on the Mechanisms of Effects of Nutrient Salts on Cyanobacterial Harmful Blooms and the Salt-Based Bloom Control

蓝藻暴发是淡水水体富营养化的鲜明标志和普遍特征,其形成与控制均与营养盐密切相关。文章在总结蓝藻暴发的监测基础上,主要从营养盐作用的角度,综述了蓝藻暴发的形成及其产生机制,以及相关控制研究的进展。除鉴定与计数的传统方法,可采取实验体内荧光(IVF)叶绿素探针、基因技术、遥感技术等并结合数据传输系统,实现实时、原位的蓝藻暴发监测。N、P是导致蓝藻暴发的最主要的2种营养盐因子,其供给比例也会对蓝藻暴发产生影响;同时对蓝藻暴发从营养盐角度的调控,也主要是针对这2种因子进行。一些微量元素也可影响蓝藻的生长与暴发,根据蓝藻种群的特点,有针对性地控制微量元素的含量,使之成为限制性营养盐因子,也是蓝藻暴发调控的思路之一。

Cyanobacterial harmful bloom（CHB） is regarded as a distinct marker and common characteristic of the eutrophication of a fresh water environment, and the emergence and control of CHB is relevant to the supplied nutrient salts.Following the outline of CHB monitoring and assessment, this paper reviewed the formation and mechanisms of CHB, and its related control, mainly from the perspective of the effects of the nutrient salts. Besides the traditional method of identification and counting, other methods such as experimental in vivo fluorescence（IVF） chlorophyll probe, genetic technology, remote sensing could be used and combined with data transport system, achieving the real-time and in-situ monitoring of CHB.Nitrogen and phosphorous were recognized as the two most important factors of nutrient salts causing CHB, and the supplied ratios of the two also influenced CHB. Meanwhile, nutrient salt-based regulations and controls of CHB were also conducted based on the two factors. Some micro-elements would have effects on the growth and bloom of cyanobacteria as well.Therefore, it is suggested that a micro-element be pertinently regulated and controlled, and thus become the limiting factor of nutrient salt, based on the characteristics of cyanobacterial population. That can be an option for the regulation and control of CHB.