湖北省霾日数气候特征及夏季典型霾过程气象因子分析

Climate Characteristics of Haze Days and Analysis of Summer Haze Weather Event in Hubei Province

利用湖北省77个气象站点近30年的霾日统计资料分析霾日数气候特征,结果表明,1981-2013年期间湖北省霾日数显著上升,20世纪90年代最低,21世纪以来最高,2013年达到历史新高;霾日数冬季最多,夏季最少;霾日数较多的地区集中在鄂西北、三峡河谷、鄂东北北部、鄂东南黄石地区一带,这与地形和经济条件密切相关。选取2012年夏季2次典型霾天气过程,分析霾发生的气象成因,研究发现北方污染源,在低层东北气流的引导下,加之本地良好的湿度条件和稳定的逆温层结,共同造成了突发大范围霾天气过程。

According to the haze data from 77 meteorological stations in Hubei Province, the temporal and spatial climatic characteristics of haze in recent 30 years are analyzed. The results indicate that from 1981 to 2013,the haze days is significantly increasing, with the least in 1990 s and the most since the 21 st centuries, and historical most in 2013. In winter Hubei has the most haze days and the least haze days in summer. The most haze days is happened in the northwest area, the Three Gorges Valley, the northeast area and Huangshi area, and maybe those conditions are closely related with the geographical and economic conditions. Preliminary analysis of meteorological causations of typical haze weather process in summer of 2012 indicates that the main reason for the haze weather process is the pollution sources from north area, plus necessary conditions as the lower northeast flow, the inversion temperature layer and the best humidity.