武汉市青山区冬季PM_(2.5)的污染特征及源解析

Pollution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of PM_(2.5) from Qinshan District in Wuhan during the Winter

利用中流量空气颗粒物采样器在武汉市青山区进行连续采样,分析了2013年冬季大气PM_(2.5)的质量浓度,并采用ICP-AES方法研究了样品中19种金属元素的组成和特征。结果表明,PM_(2.5)质量浓度为47~353μg/m^3,参照《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)中的二级标准,其中88.6%的样品质量浓度超标;富集因子分析结果表明Ca、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni、Mn、Ti、V、As和Hg在PM_(2.5)中明显富集,主要来自人类活动;运用正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)对PM_(2.5)来源进行了解析,结果表明交通源,工业源,路面扬尘,燃煤源和建筑源是武汉市青山区冬季PM_(2.5)的主要来源。

The medium flow of air particulate sampler was used to collect samples at Qingshan District in Wuhan during the winter of 2013.The composition and characteristic of 19 metallic elements in atmospheric PM_（2.5） were analyzed by the mean of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry（ICP-AES）.The results show that the concentration of PM_（2.5） ranged from 47 to 353 μg/m^3.Referring to the Grade Ⅱ in China National Standard GB 3095-2012 of Ambient Air Quality Standard,there are 88.6% of the samples mass concentration exceeding the specified value. The enrichment factor analysis results show that Ca, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Mn, Ti, V, As and Hg has significant enrichment in PM_（2.5）,mainly from human activities.The daily data sets were analyzed using positive matrix factorization（PMF） technique in order to identify possible sources and estimate their contributions to PM_（2.5）.The results show that traffic exhaust,industry,road dust,coal combustion and building dust were the main sources of PM_（2.5）in the District during the winter of 2013.