国外出口加工区、经济特区、自贸区的效率评价及对中国的借鉴

The Efficiency Evaluation of Foreign Export Processing Zone,Special Economic Zone and Free Trade Zone and Its Reference to China

该文跟踪国外自由贸易区在设区目标、区位选择、设区主体、市场准入、企业优惠、政府支持等方面的制度政策,以飞地经济模型为指导,收集国外各种自贸区在各国区域规划战略、国内发展战略、国际竞争战略定位下自贸区效率评价的发展规律。研究发现,采用区内要素的自贸区效率评价主要有出口额、就业率等基本指标,主要有附加值、净现值等综合指标;采用区内要素与国内流通要素、国际流通要素关联性的自贸区效率评价主要有联系效应、溢出效应、集聚效应等效应指标。同时发现,影响效率的主要原因在于政府服务制度的科学性,以及建设者决策的专业性、经营者执行的有效性与监管者监督的全面性。

Based on enclave economy model, this paper tracks system polices of foreign Free Trade Zone（FTZ） which include target, location choice, subject, market access, favorable tax system and government support of zone, and collects the development rule of efficiency evaluation of foreign FTZ under the regional planning, domestic development and international competition strategy. It finds that FTZ efficiency evaluation by regional elements contains basic index like export and employment rate, comprehensive index like value-added and net present value, and that FTZ efficiency evaluation by relating regional elements to domestic circulation elements and international circulation elements contains effect index like linkage effect, spillover effect, and agglomeration effect. It also finds that the main reasons influencing efficiency are the scientificalness of government service system, the expertise of developer in decision-making, the effectiveness of operator implement and the comprehensiveness of regulator supervision.