生态旅游运行机制与利益相关者:例证一个世界自然遗产

Operation Mechanism of Eco-tourism and Stakeholders: a Case Study of a World Natural Heritage

生态旅游的发展涉及多个利益主体,且彼此间利益冲突严重,利益相关者理论从理性层面、过程层面和交易层面的分析为协调利益冲突提供了解决途径。针对武陵源旅游业发展的实际情况,运用专家意见法和配对样本T检验法对武陵源生态旅游核心利益相关者进行识别,确定政府、生态旅游经营企业、学术界及相关机构(专家)、生态旅游者和社区居民为最重要的五种力量,并在此基础上构建包含以政府为主导的保护开发机制、以生态旅游经营企业为主力的联动发展机制和以生态旅游者、社区居民、专家为主体的主动参与机制在内的综合运行机制,为武陵源世界自然遗产地生态旅游的发展提供智力支持。

There are many stakeholders who have serious interest conflicts in the development of eco-tourism. Stakeholder theory provides a solution to harmonize conflicts from the analysis of the rational level, the process level and the transaction level. Based on the tourism development of Wulingyuan, this paper uses experts＇ opinions and paired-samples T test to identify the core stakeholders who are government, eco-tourism enterprises, experts, ecotourists and community residents, and then establishes a consolidated operating mechanism which contains government-leading protective exploitation mechanism, ecotourism business enterprises-centered cooperative development mechanism and ecotourist, community residents and experts-oriented initiative participation mechanism, in order to provide intellectual support for the eco-tourism development of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage.