宋代长江航行方式及港口体系

The Yangtze River Shipping Modes and the System of Ports in Song Dynasty

宋代长江航运的空前发展是一个引人注目的现象,研究者多关注宋代长江航运的繁荣状况,而缺乏对当时长江航行方式的考察。由于长江风大浪急,风向无定,船只航行顺风时虽可使帆,但顺风常少而阻风常多,顺行常可用桨橹,而逆行最稳定的动力是拉纤。长江中下游航行时,为了避开中流的风浪,船只主要选择循岸和在夹河中航行。长江沿线形成了重要枢纽港、州县镇治所港和镇以下小港等三个层级港口体系。长江航行方式的考察有助于推进江船结构和技术、航行群体和航运市场的研究。

The Yangtze River shipping in Song Dynasty was unprecedentedly prosperous to attract a great deal of scholarly attention. However, there lack relevant studies on the Yangtze River shipping modes. In the Yangtze River the wind was usually strong and capricious, and the river was rough. When the ship sailed with the wind, sails can be hoisted and the oars can be used to steer the ship. But the fact is that ships usually sailed off the wind, towing was the most steady power. Three levels of port system, including key hub ports, ports governed by county, and small ports, were established along the Yangtze River. The review of the Yangtze River shipping modes is conducive to research on ships structure, shipping groups, and shipping market.