民法典编纂视野下胎儿利益的民法规范——兼评五部民法典建议稿胎儿利益保护条款

Civil Law Regulation of Fetus Rights from Perspective of Civil Code Codification

在编纂民法典的大时代背景下,就胎儿利益的保护,学者分别起草的五部民法典建议稿提供了五种解决方案,对此,立法究竟应如何选择?事实上,应实践需要而制定的民法典,应在厘清当前胎儿利益保护所面临的主要问题及相应需求的基础上,坚持尊重生命以及生命平等的基本法治理念来塑造相应的规则;应在给予胎儿最佳利益的实现以充分关注的前提下,承认胎儿与自然人之间的现实差异并就此在规则设计上作出合理区分;应合理关注司法实践就胎儿利益保护所作出的有益贡献并将之纳入到民法典当中去。对于正在制定的民法典而言,法学并不需要过于匆忙,相反,它需要内在的集中精神、最冷静的观察和最全面的研究。

In terms of the protection of fetal interests,the five Civil Code drafts provided by scholars offer five solutions.Here comes the question：how does the legislation authority choose？In fact,the drafted Civil Code should set up corresponding rules based on holding up the fundamental ideas of the rule of law,such as respect for life and life equality,as well as clarifying the main problems and needs in terms of the protection of fetal interests.What＇s more,we should acknowledge the factual differences between a fetus and a natural person while paying full attention to the best interests of fetuses.We should also give credit to the contribution of legal practices of fetal interests protection and bring it into the Civil Code.