帕菲特道德哲学之基石:理由与合理性

Reasons and Rationality: the Cornerstone of Parfit's Moral Philosophy

帕菲特的道德哲学是在规范并分析"理由"和"合理性"概念的基础上展开的,其理论"大厦"是在"理由"和"合理性"基石上建立起来的。帕菲特认为,人是宇宙唯一的能够回应理由的理性存在。我们应该接受某些基于价值的、客观的理论,行为的理由从那些给予我们理由去拥有欲望或目标的事实中获取力量。实践合理性与认识论的合理性的关键区分,在于对实践理由的自发回应和对认识论的理由的非自发回应。

Parfu＇ s moral philosophy is based on the specification and analysis of the concept of ＂reason＂ and ＂rationality＂ as the cornerstone of his theory ＂building＂. Parfit believes that we are the animals that can both understand and respond to reasons. We ought to accept some value-based, objective theory. On these theories, reasons for acting all derive their force from the facts that give us reasons to have certain desires and aims. The deep distinction between practical and epistemic rationality is that, the voluntary acts with which we respond to practical reasons, and our non - voluntary responses to epistemic reasons.