环境友好高吸水纤维素海绵的制备及影响工艺

Preparation of High Water Absorption Cellulose Sponge by an Environmental Friendly Method and the Effect of Processing Parameter

NaOH/尿素水溶液体系低温溶解纤维素法是一种环境友好、低成本的纤维素溶解方法。文中以NaOH/尿素水溶液为溶剂体系,微晶纤维素为原料,无水硫酸钠为成孔剂、精梳棉为增强纤维,利用冷冻法溶解微晶纤维素成功制备了具有高吸水性能的纤维素海绵。通过扫描电子显微镜、电子万能材料试验机及差重法分析了微晶纤维素浓度、增强纤维浓度、成孔剂浓度以及成孔剂颗粒大小对纤维素海绵形态结构、密度、拉伸强度及吸水率的影响。研究结果表明,微晶纤维素质量浓度、增强纤维质量浓度、成孔剂浓度以及成孔剂颗粒的大小是影响纤维素海绵性能的主要因素。当纤维素添加量为m（纤维素）/m（S）=6/100,增强纤维添加量为m（增强纤维）/m（S）=3/100,成孔剂添加量为m（成孔剂）/m（S）=140/100,成孔剂的粒径在0.125-0.18mm时,纤维素海绵的综合性能较好,其形态均匀,吸水性可以达到900%以上。

To dissolve cellulose in the NaOH / urea aqueous solution at low temperature is an environmental friendly and low cost method. In this study,high water absorbent cellulose sponge was prepared by freezing method,in which NaOH / urea aqueous solution was used as solvent system,microcrystalline cellulose was raw material,anhydrous sodium sulfate was pore-forming agent and combed cotton was used as reinforced fibers. The effects of microcrystalline cellulose powder concentration,reinforced fibers concentration,pore forming agent amount and particle size on the morphology,water absorption,density and mechanical properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy,electronic material testing machine and mass change method. The results show that the microcrystalline cellulose concentration,reinforced fibers concentration,pore forming agent amount and particle size are key parameters which could affect the performance of cellulose sponge. When the microcrystalline cellulose content is m（ microcrystalline cellulose） / m（ S） = 6 / 100,m（ reinforcedfibers） = 3 /100,the pore forming agent content is m（ formingagent） / m（ S） = 140 /100 and the particle size is 0. 125 - 0. 18 mm,properties of the cellulose sponge is better than others,and the water absorption is higher than900%.