苹果园几种鸟雀驱避技术效果研究

Study on Several Bird Scaring Technologies's Effect in Apple Orchards

选择种有"美国八号"(早熟)、"嘎啦"(中熟)、"富士"(晚熟)的混栽果园4片(各2/3hm^2)为研究对象,设置4个处理(分别为有色防鸟网、风动叶轮、超声波、生物驱避剂),对比了4种鸟雀驱避技术,调查其驱避效果,以筛选出最优的鸟雀驱避技术。结果表明:在相同品种条件下,4种鸟雀驱避技术防鸟害的有效程度以有色防鸟网驱避效果最好,持效性最长,稳定性最好;其受啄率分别为"美国八号"0.44%、"嘎啦"0.16%、"富士"0.20%。其次为生物驱避剂,其受啄率分别为"美国八号"1.92%、"嘎啦"2.24%、"富士"1.52%。然后为超声波驱避技术,其受啄率分别为"美国八号"9.64%、"嘎啦"5.56%,"富士"3.24%。驱避效果最差、持效性最短、稳定性最差的是风动叶轮驱鸟,其受啄率分别为"美国八号"10.00%、"嘎啦"6.52%、"富士"2.60%。3个品种综合调查结果表明,早熟苹果受啄率最高,其次是中熟品种,受啄率最低的是晚熟品种。

Four mixed orchards that planted‘American No.Eight＇apple（early-maturing）,‘Gala＇apple（middle-maturing）,and‘Red Fuji＇apple（late-maturing）,and set four treatment（colored net,vane wheel,ultrasonic and biological insecticides）which was 2/3hm2.Four bird scaring technologies were compared and the effect of driving bird was studied,to choose the best driving technologies.The results showed that the colored net were the best under the same variety,also its stability and the persistence were the best.For pecking rate,‘American No.Eight＇apple was 0.44%,‘Gala＇apple was0.16%,and‘Red Fuji＇apple was 0.20%.The second was biological insecticides,for pecking rate,‘American No.Eight＇apple was 1.92%,‘Gala＇apple was 2.24%,and‘Red Fuji＇apple was 1.52%;the third was ultrasonic,for pecking rate,‘American No.Eight＇apple was 9.64%,‘Gala＇apple was 5.56%,and‘Red Fuji＇apple was 3.24%;The vane wheels stability and persistence was the worst,and the pecking rate of‘American No.Eight＇apple was 10.00%,‘Gala＇apple was 6.52%,and‘Red Fuji＇apple was 2.60%.The comprehensive survey results of three different varieties showed that the pecking rate of early maturity apple was the highest,next was middle maturity apple,and the lowest was the late maturity apple.