明清时期聊城地区水神信仰述略

Brief Discussion to the Water God of Liaocheng Region in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期的聊城既是漕运必经之地,同时也是水神信仰较为盛行的地区。水神种类众多,其中既有官方崇奉的金龙四大王、晏公、漳河神等运河水神,也有民间信仰的龙神、二郎神赵昱、羊使君等水神。漕粮运输的现实需要是导致金龙四大王等运河水神信仰盛行的主要原因,频发的水旱灾害则导致了当地治水神和祈雨神信仰的盛行。水神信仰对明清国家及当地社会都产生了重要影响。在漕粮运输和地方水旱灾害防治中,水神信仰起到了组织动员、安定人心的作用。通过为治水名人或河漕有功官员修建祠堂,撰写碑记,亦在一定程度上发挥了崇德报功的功能,水神信仰还有文化娱乐的作用,演剧酬神在娱神的同时,也达到了娱人的目的。

Liaocheng of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the place the water transport pass through, also is the Water God more popular region. The types of water god are numerous, including both official worship of the canal water god ,the Jinlong Si Dawang diffused Religion, Yan Gong, The god of Zhang river and so on, there are folk belief Of Dragon, Erlang god Zhao Yu, Yang Shijun and other water gods. The practical need of water transport led to the main reason for the prevalence of the Jinlong Si Dawang diffused Religion and other canal water gods, frequent floods and droughts have resulted in the prevalence of the god of flood control and pray for rain in the local place. The religion of Water God have had an important impact on the Official of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and local communities. In the water transport and local flood and disaster prevention, the Water God played a tissue mobilization, calming effect. Through the construction of the shrine and writing tablets for the meritorious officials govern the river flood and water transport,to some extent, also played the function of Advocating morality and repay credit.