多孔碳材料对二噁英吸附性能的研究评述及展望

Dioxins adsorption on porous carbon materials:a review

活性炭吸附已成为垃圾焚烧企业脱除烟气中二噁英类有机污染物最常用的方法。介绍了活性炭在垃圾焚烧企业的应用现状及存在的问题,系统分析了活性炭对二噁英的吸附特点,总结了烟气温度、活性炭喷入量、二噁英同系物分布、活性炭的孔结构等对二噁英脱除效率的影响。此外,概述了活性碳纤维、碳纳米管在二噁英吸附方面的研究动态。分析了碳纳米管在吸附二噁英过程中不同于活性炭的吸附机制,探讨了其未来替代活性炭作为二噁英吸附材料的可能性。

Activated carbon has been widely used to abate dioxins emission in waste incineration plants,because of its relatively low capital cost and high removal efficiency. The total dioxins removal efficiency is affected by various factors such as pore structures of activated carbon, flue gas temperature, feeding rate of activated carbon and dioxin congener distributions. Thus,it is essential to choose an appropriate activated carbon and apply it in the right way, strictly according to the adsorption characteristics and operating conditions. This paper systematically analyzes the effect of these factors on dioxins adsorption efficiency of activated carbon,so as to optimize the adsorption process. In addition,this paper also introduces activated carbon fiber and carbon nanotubes,which have been considered as prom- ising carbon materials for dioxin abatement. Their strong interactions with dioxin molecules and different adsorption mechanism are discussed. Finally,their development trends and future applications are also proposed.