基于感官色度的含沙水体景观质量定量评价方法研究

A study on organoleptic chromaticity-based quantitative assessment method for landscape quality of sandy water

水体景观质量评价是构成环境影响评价体系的重要部分。目前对水体景观质量中水体颜色的评价主要以定性评价为主,而传统的可定量评价水体颜色的指标色度并不适用于工程含沙水体。为此,本文提出了可用于含沙水体景观颜色定量评价的感官色度概念,定义水体感官色度为由水体中溶解物质和非溶解物质共同作用导致的肉眼直接观测到的水体颜色。通过分光光度法实验,确定了有色含沙水体感官色度测量的特征波长为350 nm,同时通过测量不同色度及浊度混合水体在特征波长下的吸光度发现,感官色度标准值与样品的吸光度呈良好的线性关系,并且与肉眼观测结果相符,表明本文定义的水体感官色度可以得到较准确的定量表征并且能够真实反映肉眼观测情况。据此建立了基于水质分析的感官色度评价方法。同时,通过对高含沙水体以及紫坪铺库区实际天然水体感官色度的测量,证明了感官色度评价方法应用于工程含沙水体景观质量定量评价的合理性和可行性。

The assessment of water landscape quality is an important part of environmental impact assess-ment. At present,the method that assesses the water color in water landscape quality is qualitative assess-ment. The chromaticity, a traditional index which quantitatively assesses the water color, could not be ap-plied to the engineering sandy water. Therefore, this paper presents a concept of organoleptic chromaticityaccording to the engineering requirement. In this paper,water organoleptic chromaticity is defined as a wa-ter chromaticity which is caused by both soluble substances and insoluble substances and observed directlyby naked eyes. Through a large number of spectrophotometric experiments,350 nm was defined as the char-acteristic wavelength of water organoleptic chromaticity measurement for colored sandy water. The absor-bance of water with different turbidity and chromaticity shows that it is linear with the organoleptic chroma-ticity,and the results was the same as the observation of naked eyes. The results have shown that the or-ganoleptic chromaticity could be quantified exactly, and could actually reflect the observation of nakedeyes. Accordingly, the assessment method of organoleptic chromaticity based on water quality analysis wasestablished. Measuring the organoleptic chromaticity of water with high sediment concentrations and the engi-neering water in Zipingpu Reservoir Area,the results have demonstrated that the assessment method of or-ganoleptic chromaticity could be applied to the quantitative assessment of landscape quality for engineeringsandy water.