调控胆固醇吸收的分子通路

Molecular pathways of cholesterol absorption regulation

机体内的胆固醇失衡会引发多种疾病,如高胆固醇血症、心脑血管疾病等,而其平衡由胆固醇的合成、吸收、代谢和循环共同维持,其中胆固醇的吸收至关重要。胆固醇的吸收主要发生在小肠和近段空肠,受众多蛋白的调控。尼曼-匹克C1样蛋白1(NPC1L1)负责胆固醇的摄取;ATP结合盒转运蛋白(ABCG5/ABCG8)则抑制胆固醇的吸收,酰基辅酶A-胆固醇酰基转移酶(ACAT)催化胆固醇脂化提高胆固醇吸收;ATP结合盒转运蛋白A1(ABCA1)负责外周组织胆固醇的转运,而这些蛋白又受到其他调控因子的影响。解析胆固醇吸收的分子通路对胆固醇失衡相关疾病的预防及治疗具有重大指导意义。因此,本文就调控胆固醇吸收的分子通路进行综述。

Cholesterol imbalance can cause a variety of diseases,such as high cholesterol,cardiovascular disease,while the cholesterol balance in body is maintained by synthesis,absorption,metabolism and circulation of cholesterol,and the absorption of cholesterol is a crucial step. Cholesterol absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine and proximal jejunum,and it is regulated by a number of proteins. Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein（ NPC1L1） is responsible for the cholesterol uptake.ATP-binding cassette（ ABC） G5 /G8 inhibits the absorption of cholesterol. Acyl-coenzyme A（ Co A） ： cholesterol acyltransferase（ ACAT） catalyzes the cholesterol esterified reaction for raising cholesterol absorption.ATP-binding cassette transporters A1（ ABCA1） transports cholesterol in peripheral tissues and these proteins are also affected by other regulatory factors. Parsing cholesterol absorption of molecular pathways has major directive significance the prevention and treatment of diseases related with cholesterol imbalance.Therefore,the molecular pathways of cholesterol absorption regulation were reviewed in this paper.