小麦—中间偃麦草衍生材料农艺性状、HMW-GS及GISH鉴定

Agronomic Traits and HMW-GS of 143 Wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium Derivatives and Their GISH Identification

本研究分析了143个小麦—中间偃麦草种质材料的农艺性状、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基及部分代表性材料的染色体构成,旨在为小麦育种中广泛有效地利用这些种质提供有用信息。结果表明,小麦—中间偃麦草种质主要农艺性状变异丰富,其在穗长、小穗数和分蘖数性状上明显优于主栽品种,分别有142(99.3%)、125(87.4%)和62(43.4%)个小麦—中间偃麦草材料的穗长、分蘖数和小穗数大于主栽品种的平均值。供试材料在Glu-1的3个基因位点上共检测到12个等位变异,形成15种亚基组合类型,以(2*,7+8,5+10)为主,占所有材料的25.7%;Glu-A1(1和2*)、Glu-B1(7+8)和Glu-D1(5+10)位点的优质亚基比例分别达到了68.4%、68.4%和52.0%,有102(71.3%)个材料在Glu-1的2或3个位点同时具有优质亚基;有17个材料的优质亚基组合为(2*,7+8,5+10)或(1,7+8,5+10),且在穗长、小穗数和分蘖数性状上均优于主栽品种。进一步对30个代表性材料GISH分析发现,8个为八倍体小偃麦,其他为非整倍体。研究结果表明这些材料可以作为改良普通小麦的有益基因资源。

One hundred and forty-three wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium derivatives were evaluated based on agronomic traits and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit（ HMW-GS）. Genomic in situ hybridization（ GISH） method was also used to establish the cytogenetic constitution of thirty representative wheat-Th. intermedium derivatives.Analysis of main agronomic traits indicated that there was an abundant genetic variation in these germplasms,and most of them were superior to main wheat cultivars in spike length,spikelets and spikes per plant. 142（ 99. 3%）,125（ 87. 4%） and 62（ 43. 4%） of the wheat-Th. intermedium derivatives were higher than the average of main wheat cultivars in the three traits,respectively. At Glu-1 locus,a total of 12 different glutenin alleles were observed. They resulted in 15 different HMW subunit combinations,and the combination（ 2^＊,7 ＋ 8,5 ＋ 10） was the major type with the frequency of 25. 7%. Desirable HMW subunits,1 and 2^＊in Glu-A1,7 ＋ 8 in Glu-B1 and 5 ＋ 10 in Glu-D1,were found in this study with the frequency of 68. 4%,68. 4% and 52. 0%,respectively. One hundred and two wheatTh. intermedium derivatives had desirable HMW subunits at two or three locus of Glu-1,which occupied 71. 3% of all accessions. Seventeen wheat-Th. intermedium derivatives possessed the combinations of HMW-GS（ 2＊,7 ＋ 8,5 ＋10） or（ 1,7 ＋ 8,5 ＋ 10）,and all of them were superior to main wheat cultivars in spike length,spikelets and spikesper plant. Furthermore,GISH analysis in thirty representative wheat-Th. intermedium derivatives showed that eight accessions were octoploid trititrigias,and the remaining belonged to aneuploidy. These results above indicated that these wheat-Th. intermedium derivatives were important genome resources for wheat improvement.