对“一流大学”概念不同认知的逻辑学困境与展望

The Logic Dilemma and Outlook for the Different Cognition of the Concept “First-Class University”

对"一流大学"概念的认知,目前大体上有三种不同模式:整体比较型、同类比较型和同学科比较型。无论哪种认知样式,都有其逻辑学上的困境:"整体比较型"一流大学是所有大学集合中的第一等级要素,但不能反映其内涵的全部与特质;"同类比较型"一流大学,是在同类(同行业、同专业、同层次等)大学集合中,实力第一个等级的大学集合,其概念困境是"临近属概念"(大学)发生了质变,犯了"定义过窄"的逻辑错误;"学科比较型"一流大学是在所有大学中某个学科实力具有绝对优势的第一个等级的大学集合,但其概念的逻辑学困境是颠覆了逻辑定义的"外延相称"原则,定义域集合与陪域集合之间是偏函数。要量化其边界和统一其标准非常艰难,多元认知及其标准选择将不可避免,使用"前若干名大学"替代"一流大学"概念应是一个理想的选择。

By and large,currently there exist three kinds of different cognitive modes for the concept of＂first-class university＂：that of overall comparison,the same type comparative and the same disciplines comparative.There is the paradox on either of these logic cognitive modes.The overall comparison type is a set of universities in the first level group,but the concept is the plight of a single shot function without reflecting its all connotation and traits.The same comparative type is in the same set of universities（for example,in the same specific sector,professional level,layer etc.）with a first rate strength,but the dilemma for it is that the approaching genus concept＂university＂is deterioted with subversion of the principle ＂extension of proportionality＂,making a logical error of＂narrow definition＂.The disciplines comparative type is the set of universities with first-rate discipline among all universities,but the logic plight for it is subverting the logical definition limitation principle＂extension of proportionality＂.The relationship between the set of domain and that of co-domain is of partial function.It is very difficult to quantify its border and unify its standard.Therefore,diverse cognition and multi-standards will be inevitable.It＇s better to utilize the term ＂TOP X University＂to replace the concept＂first class university＂.