低频脉冲电磁场对牙种植术后软硬组织愈合的影响

Effect of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on the healing of soft and hard tissues after tooth implantation

目的观察低频脉冲电磁场(PEMFs)对牙种植术后软硬组织愈合的影响。方法选取42例进行牙种植术的患者,共63个种植体,按随机数字表法分为实验组20例和对照组22例,其中采用NobelReplace植体30个(实验组13个,对照组17个),Osstem GSⅡ植体33个(实验组18个,对照组15个)。将PEMFs应用于实验组患者种植术区相应的面颊部,对照组未使用PEMFs。观察种植术后患者软组织愈合情况,测量术后3 d、1个月、2个月、3个月种植体稳定指数(ISQ值)、种植体周围牙槽骨吸收量。结果实验组、对照组患者软组织分别于种植术后10 d、12 d愈合。在两种植体系统中,两组的ISQ值增量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组的ISQ值增量均随着时间的增加而减小(P<0.05),且时间与分组之间有交互效应(P<0.05)。两组的NobelReplace植体牙槽骨吸收量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中术后1个月实验组明显低于对照组,但两组间Osstem GSⅡ植体的牙槽骨吸收量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组两种植体系统的牙槽骨吸收量均随着时间的增加而减小(P<0.05),且时间与分组之间有交互效应(P<0.05)。结论种植早期低频脉冲电磁场可促进软组织的愈合,加速种植体的骨结合,减少种植体周围牙槽骨的吸收。

Objective To observe the effect of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields（ PEMFs） on the healing of soft and hard tissues after tooth implantation. Methods Forty-two patients（ 63 implants） undergoing tooth implantation were enrolled and divided into experimental group（ n = 20） and control group（ n = 22） by random number table. In the tooth implantation,there were 30 NobelReplace implants used（ including 13 implants in the experimental group and 17 in the control group） and 33 Osstem GSⅡimplants used（ including 18 implants in the experimental group and 15 in the control group）. The PEMFs were placed on the cheek corresponding to the surgery area in the patients of experimental group,and the PEMFs were not used in the control group. The healing of soft tissues was observed after the tooth implantation. Implant stability quotient（ ISQ） and resorption volume of peri-implant alveolar bone were measured 3 days,1,2 and 3 months after implantation. Results The soft tissues of patients in the experimental group and control group were healed 10 and 12 days after implantation respectively. For two kinds of implant systems,there was no significant difference in ISQ increment between two groups（ P 〉 0. 05）,the ISQ increments of both groups decreased with the increasing time（ P 〈 0. 05）,and there was an interaction effect on ISQ increment between time and group（ P 〈 0. 05）. For NobelReplace implant,there was significant difference in the resorption volume of peri-implant alveolar bone between two groups（ P 〈 0. 05）,and the resorption volume of experimental group was obviously lower than that of control group one week after implantation. But for Osstem GSⅡ implant,there was no significant difference in the resorption volume of peri-implant alveolar bone between two groups（ P 〉 0. 05）. For two kinds of implant systems,the resorption volume of both groups decreased with the increasing time（ P 〈 0. 05）,and there was an interaction effect on the resorption volume between time and group（ P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion PEMFs can promote the healing of soft tissue,accelerate the osseointegration of implants and decrease the resorption volume of peri-implant alveolar bone around implants.