电解法去除重污染河水中氨氮的研究

Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen in Heavily Polluted River Water by Electrolysis Method

近年来,河流污染日趋严重,对环境和人类健康造成重大威胁,河水污染成为目前急需解决的问题之一。通过单因素实验和正交实验,分析了氨氮初始浓度、氯离子浓度（Cl^-）、电压、pH及极板间距对电解法脱氮效果的影响,得到最佳运行参数,并对电解法去除实际河水和模拟河水中的氨氮和TN的效果进行比较。结果表明,重污染河流水体中的氨氮和TN在较短时间内可以去除,各参数的主次顺序为：Cl^-〉氨氮初始浓度〉pH〉电压;在氨氮初始浓度为15 mg/L、氯离子浓度40 mg/L、pH 9的模拟河水中、电压11 V、极板间距1.0 cm的条件下,电解90 min时,TN和氨氮的去除率达到52.04%和83.01%;调节电压和极板间距为最优条件,电解180 min时,实际河水中TN和氨氮的去除率达到48.27%和81.24%;电解法对实际河水中的氨氮、TN去除效果略差于模拟河水。

The pollution of rivers is serious day by day in recent years so as to threaten the environment and human health. Therefore, the water pollution has become one of the issues that require to be tackled urgently. Effects of the initial ammonia nitrogen concentration, chloride content, applied voltage, pH value and electrode spacing were studied on the denitrification by electrolysis method through the single factor and orthogonal tests to optimise the operating parameters and to compare the efficiencies for removing ammonia and total nitrogen in actual and simulated river water. The results showed that ammonia and total nitrogen in heavily polluted river water could be removed by electrolysis in rather short time, and chloride content was the primary affecting factor followed by initial ammonia nitrogen concentration, pH value and applied voltage. When initial ammonia nitrogen concentration was 15 mg/L, pH value 9, chloride content 40 mg/L in simulated river water, and applied voltage was set at 11 volts and plate spacing at 1.0 cm, the rates of removing total nitrogen and ammonia could be reaching 52.04% and 83.01% respectively at 90 minutes of reaction duration. Under such optimal conditions and reaction duration for 180 minutes, 48.27% of total nitrogen and and 81.24% of ammonia could be removed in real river water, a bit inferior to that in simulated river water.