单克隆抗体在病毒感染防治中的应用研究新进展

Monoclonal antibodies for prophylactic and therapeutic use against viral infections

抗体疗法在抗病毒感染中发挥重要作用,有助于预防和缓解病毒疾病。传统的多抗制剂逐步被高效的单抗取代。新兴的鸡尾酒单抗和双特异性单抗针对多个病毒靶点,克服了病毒逃逸问题。抗体工程的进步促成了大量新型单抗的产生,伴随着病毒生物学特性及中和表位的深入了解,单抗的潜在靶点进一步扩展。此外,低成本生产平台的进步,将使得抗病毒单抗更加廉价从而得到广泛应用。

[Abstract] Antibody therapy plays an essential part in antiviral immunity and is instrumental in preventing or modulating viral diseases. Polyclonal antibodies have proven effective in treating RABV, CMV, HBV, and HCV. The production of polyclonal antibodies leads to several problems, so polyclonal antibodies are increasingly being replaced by highly potent monoclonal antibodies （mAbs）. Novel cocktails of mAbs and bispecific constructs can be used to simultaneously target multiple viral epitopes and to overcome issues with evasion of neutralization. Advances in antibody engineering have led to a large array of novel mAb formats, while deeper insight into the biology of several viruses and increasing knowledge of their neutralizing epitopes has extended the list of potential targets. In addition, progress in creating inexpensive production platforms will make antiviral mAbs more widely available and more affordable. [Key words] Antiviral immunity~ serum therapy~ monoclonal antibody~ antibody engineering~ review