中甸犏牛“异地育肥、反季出栏”模式的初步研究

Preliminary Study on the Mode of“off-site fattening,off-season slaughter or sale”in Zhongdian Cattle-yak

[目的]本研究旨在探讨在气候条件好、饲草饲料资源较丰富的地区开展犏牛“异地育肥、反季出栏”模式的可行性。[方法]从香格里拉县购入10月龄左右的牦犏牛7头,在昆明全舍饲异地育肥380d。育肥期间日粮以全株玉米青贮、精料补充料为主,糖蜜砖自由舔食,自由饮水。[结果]从育肥的第3个月开始公犏牛体重增加的速度明显快于母犏牛（P〈0.05）,特别是在育肥结束时公犏牛的体重达319.33kg,显著高于母犏牛的240.38kg（P〈0.05）;公犏牛的平均日增重593.86g,亦显著高于母牛的422.37g（P〈0.05）,表明公、母犏牛均可育肥,且以公牛的育肥效果更好。屠宰试验结果：公、母牛屠宰率分别为58.30%和53.14%,净肉率分别为46.86%和43.05%,两者比较差异不显著（P〉0.05）;犏牛通过异地舍饲育肥不但可比原产地放牧条件下的提前1~2岁出栏,而且有20%的犏牛产出A3级标准的高档肉。[结论]通过优化育肥料配方和强化饲养管理等措施,可极大提高犏牛的肉质,有望生产出高端牛肉产品,为“产地繁殖、异地育肥、反季出栏、提早出栏”的犏牛高效生产模式的建立提供依据,但规模化异地育肥效果有待研究。

[Objective]The project of paper was to study the feasibility pattern on ＂off-site fattening cat- tle -yak, off-season slaughter or sale＂ in which had good climate, abundant forage grass, due to the devel- opment of cattle-yak rearing industry in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau came in for an appointment with by the double restriction of the forage shortage and hardly cold in winter and spring. [Method]7 heads of cat- tle-yaks at 10 months age which were purchased from Shangri-La county would be carried out to fatten for 380 days in the house in Kunming. The ration of cattle-yak were mainly the silage with the whole corn plant, concentrate supplement, and freely licking molasses brick and drinking water during the fattening stage. [ResultlThe results showed that body weight of male cattle-yak increased significantly faster than that of female cattle-yak （P〈0.05） from the beginning of the third month fattening, especially the fattened body weight of male cattle--yak at the end of the fattening increased up to 319.33 kg, which was significantly higher than that of female cattle-yak with 240.38 kg （P%0.05）. The average daily gain in male cattle-yak was 593.86 g, which were significantly higher than that of female cattle-yak with 422.37 g （P〈0.05）. It indicated that male and female cattle-yak were both to be fattening, and the fattening effect of male cattle-yak was more. Slaughter results showed that the rates of slaughter and net meat were 58. 30% and 46.86% of male cattle-yak, and 53. 14% and 43.05% of female cattle-yak, respectively, but there were no significantly difference between male and female cattle-yak（P〈0.05）. However, cattle-- yak fattening with off-site in the house not only brought forward 1 or 2 years old for slaughter or sale, in comparison with cattle-yak reared in the natural habitat under grazing, but also produced out 20% fatte- ning cattle-yak which reached to the A3 standard of high grade meat. [Conclusion]Results indicated that cattle--yak or yak would produce high quality beef and expect to produce high end products by optimizing the fattening forage formula and strengthening feeding management and so on, and would be provided the basis on establishing the high efficient production pattern of ＂cattle-yak with reproduction in the habitat（or in situ）, off-site fattening, off--season slaughter or sale and early slaughter or sale ＂; but the large scale effect of cattle-yak with off-site fattening will be studied in future.