土地征收审批权配置完善研究

Study on the Power Disposition Perfection of Land Expropriation Approval Power

中国目前的土地征收审批权配置存在缺陷,不能有效地规制和引导地方政府的征地行为,从而也无法有效地保护耕地和被征收人的合法权益,具体表现为:地方政府成为违法征地主体,经济发展与耕地保护矛盾日益尖锐,中央政府征地决定存在救济空白。究其原因在于纵向审批权限过于集中,横向审批权垄断性分配以及中央审批权的权责不一致。为此,需要对当前的土地征收审批权配置进行如下改革:下放土地征收审批权到县级政府;赋予省、市级人大常委会审批权;移转中央审批权至国土资源部。

China's current land expropriation rights configuration is flawed, leaving the behaviors of local government uncontrolled,which can't effectively protect the arable land resources and the legitimate rights and interests of person deprived of land. And these problems are expressed in a specific performance as follows: local governments become the subject of illegal land seizures;the conflict with arable land protection and economic development is being intensified; the relief for the central government's decision of land requisition is close to blank. Reasons of the above results including the longitudinal approval rights is overly focused on one point, the transverse approval right exists monopoly, the central approval rights does not match the responsibility.Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the following reforms for a better configuration of land expropriation rights : delegate land expropriation rights to the county-level government; the local provincial municipal people's congress is empowered to wield the approval rights; transfer the central approval rights to the Ministry of natural resources.