基于UAV-WSN的农田数据采集

Farm field data collection based on UAV-WSN

【目的】将UAV(Unmanned aerial vehicle)引入传统的WSN(Wireless sensor network)中,可给静态WSN系统带来移动性和灵活性。通过将UAV-WSN结合起来应用于农田信息监测,有效地扩展单个WSN的覆盖面积,增强网络的鲁棒性,解决静态WSN在恶劣的自然环境中被划分成无法有效通信的独立子网所带来的农田监测信息采集失败的问题。【方法】选择3个物理位置独立的地块构建分簇的WSN网络,将UAV-WSN结合起来,系统中的传感器节点采用休眠-唤醒-工作-休眠的工作周期,利用UAV上的移动采集节点与UAV飞行轨迹经过的地面上的独立子网交互并采集农田信息,通过移动节点携带的3G网络将农田信息传输到农田监测数据中心。【结果】地块间距离超过100 m、UAV飞行高度维持在10 m时,UAV-WSN网络能够较好地完成农田信息采集任务,UAV-WSN的通信质量明显优于静态WSN的通信质量,地块1、2和3的平均链路消耗分别降低了约10%、27%和14%,平均丢包率降低了约24%、68%和29%。【结论】UAV-WSN结构的网络通信扩展了静态WSN的传输距离、提高了WSN系统的能量效率、延长了系统的生命周期,可以为大面积的平原或山地环境下的农田信息采集提供参考。

【Objective】To design a collaborative system made up of Unmanned aerial vehicle（ UAV） and Wireless sensor network（ WSN）,which was applied to farmland information monitoring. The function of the system is to provide farm managers with situational awareness of their field and crop by using a WSN linked through a mobile node and carried by a UAV. 【Method】Three independent plots were chosen to build a separate clustering WSN system in which sensor nodes adopted the working cycle of hibernation,wakeup,work and hibernation. The mobile sensor of UAV communicated with the ground sensors along with the UAV flight trajectory to collect farmland data and to transmit the farmland information to the farmland monitoring data center using 3G network.【Result】The system could well complete farmland information collection when the distance between the blocks was more than 100 meters and UAV flight level was 10 meters. The communication quality of UAV-WSN was better than that of static WSN. The average link cost（ ALC） dropped by about 10%,27% and 14% and the average packet loss rate（ APLR）reduced by about 24%,68% and 29% in plot 1,plot 2 and plot 3 respectively. 【Conclusion】The system expands the static WSN transmission distance,improves the energy efficiency and prolongs the life cycle.The results provide a reference for a large area of plain or mountain farmland information collection.