苹果实生砧木种质资源耐缺铁和耐盐碱性评价

Evaluation onthe tolerance of apple seedling rootstock resources to iron-deficiency,salinity and alkalinity

为了解苹果实生砧木资源抗逆性的种间、居群间和株系间差异及株系内性状分离,用8个种20份苹果资源的二年生实生苗和16个种81份苹果资源当年实生苗分别进行低铁、高盐和高pH胁迫处理,并调查缺铁黄化指数、盐害指数和碱害指数。山定子和新疆野苹果不同居群间3个性状的变异均小于苹果属种间差异,株系间、株系内实生苗3个性状分离程度最严重,但新疆野苹果同居群内株系间各性状的变异与种间差异相当。苹果属种质资源耐缺铁黄化和耐碱2个性状之间相关性显著,而缺铁黄化和耐盐之间、耐盐和耐碱之间不相关。筛选出草原海棠、小金海棠和楸子为耐缺铁黄化、耐盐、耐碱优异实生砧木资源。苹果属种质资源耐缺铁黄化、耐盐、耐碱3个性状不仅存在显著的种间差异,也存在显著的居群间变异,株系间和株系内的变异更广泛。

This study focused on the genetic variation of the resistance of apple rootstock resources among different species, populations, lines and the segregation within the same lines. 2-year-old seedlings of 20 accessions in 8 Malus species and 1-year-old seedlings of 81 accessions in 16 Malus species were subjected to iron-deficient, high-salt and high-alkaline treatments. Chlorosis index,salt injury index and alkali injury index were also investigated. For M. sieversii and M. baccata ,the genetic variation of the 3 traits among different species was larger than that among different ecogeographical populations,and it was about the same between lines and among lines,while the segregation of the 3 traits within the same lines was more remarkable than that among species. A significant correlation between iron-deficient tolerance and alkali tolerance was detected in Malus germplasm resources, which was not significant between irondeficient tolerance and salt tolerance or between salt tolerance and alkali tolerance. Besides, M. ioensis, M. xiaojinensis and M. prunifolia were successfully identified, displaying strong tolerance to iron-deficiency, salinity and alkalinity. Tolerances of apple rootstock resources to iron-deficiency,salinity and alkalinity differed substantially among different species,and there was also an obvious difference among eco-geographical populations, lines and individuals within the same lines.