牦牛Y染色体分子遗传学研究进展

Research progress on molecular genetics of the yak Y chromosome

为系统了解牦牛Y染色体的分子遗传学研究现状,通过查阅近15年来的研究资料,从Y染色体分子标记和Y染色体基因2个方面对牦牛Y染色体分子遗传学研究进展进行综述。在分子标记方面,研究者已对13个普通牛Y-STRs在牦牛中的特异性进行了检测,发现4个标记(即INRA124、INRA189、UMN2404和BYM-1)为牦牛Y-STRs标记。确定了6个Y-SNPs标记(即USP9Y(223C>T)、UTY19(158A>C和169C>T)、AMELY2(261C>T)、OFD1Y9(165A>G)和SRY4(104G>A))可用于牦牛父系遗传研究。在基因研究上,已对SRY、ZFY、TSPY和HSFY等多个牦牛Y染色体基因进行了克隆、序列比较、多态性检测、系统发育和原核表达分析。在今后的研究中,挖掘更多的牦牛Y染色体特异标记,开展基于多个标记、更多牦牛品种的群体遗传学研究,将是探明牦牛父系遗传多样性、父系起源与驯化、群体历史发展动态与分类等问题的重点和方向。同时,应借鉴灵长类、普通牛等物种Y染色体的研究方法和技术,加强牦牛Y染色体基因组、转录组和蛋白组等研究。

In order to systematically understand the research status of yak Y chromosome, explore the limitations of previous studies and provide perspectives for future research, research progress on the molecular genetics of yak Y chromosome was reviewed based on molecular markers and associated genes with Y chromosome over last 15 years. Researchers have tested 13 cattle Y-STRs and found four markers （i. e. INRA124, INRA189,UMN2404 and BYM-1） are yak Y-chromosome specific. Six yak Y-SNPs （i. e. USP9Y （223C〉T）, UTY19 （ 158A〉 C and 169C〉 T）, AMELY2 （261C〉T）, OFD1Y9 （165A〉G） and SRY4 （104G〉A） ） were identified. SRY, ZFY, TSPY and HSFY genes have been cloned,and the studies of sequence comparison, polymorphysium, phylogenetic analysis and gene expression pattern have been conducted. In the future, it is necessary to develop more yak Y-chromosome specific markers, aiming to study more yak breeds or populations worldwide. It would help us to obtain the full view of paternal genetic diversity,origin, classification and domestication history of yak and to promote the studies of the genome, transcriptome and proteome of the yak Y chromosomes using the new methods, technology and new advances in primates, mice and especially the cattle Y chromosomes studies.