从Rossby波能量频散理论到准定常行星波动力学研究的发展

Development from the Theory of Energy Dispersion of Rossby Waves to Studies on the Dynamics of Quasi-Stationary Planetary Waves

本文是为纪念叶笃正院士诞辰百周年和他对大气动力学发展的重大贡献而撰写的。叶先生在20世纪40年代所提出的罗斯贝波能量频散理论不仅至今仍广泛应用于天气预报,而且开创了准定常行星波动力学的研究。在罗斯贝波频散理论的启迪和引领下,行星波动力学和大气环流异常遥相关的研究取得重要进展。特别是关于准定常行星波在二维和三维球面大气的传播特征以及北半球夏季大气环流异常的EAP(East Asia–Pacific)型和"丝绸之路(Silk Road)"型遥相关及其机理已做出系统的研究,本文简要地回顾这些研究。并且,本文还回顾了在叶先生所提出罗斯贝波能量频散理论的引领下,近年来我们关于东亚冬、夏季风和我国气候灾害的年际和年代际变化的内动力学机理研究所取得的进展。

This paper commemorates the 100 th anniversary of academician Ye Duzheng＇s birth and his great contributions to the development of atmospheric dynamics. The theory of energy dispersion of Rossby waves proposed by Prof. Ye Duzheng（or Yeh T. C.） in the 1940 s has not only been widely applied in weather forecasting, but also initiated research on the dynamics of quasi-stationary planetary waves. Under the enlightenment and guidance of the theory of energy dispersion of Rossby waves, important advances in the study of planetary wave dynamics and the teleconnection of atmospheric circulation anomalies have been obtained. In particular, the characteristics of two- and three-dimensional propagations of quasi-stationary planetary waves in the spherical atmosphere, as well as the EastAsia–Pacific（EAP） and ＂Silk Road＂ pattern teleconnections of atmospheric circulation anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere during boreal summer and the associated physical mechanisms, have been systematically studied. These studies are briefly reviewed in this paper. Recent advances in authors＇ understanding of the internal dynamical mechanisms of the interannual and interdecadal variations of the East Asian winter and summer monsoons and climate disasters in China, under the guidance of the theory of energy dispersion of Rossby waves put forward by Prof. Ye, are also reviewed.