基于组织学习的组织惯例内涵、形成及变化研究

The Meaning,Formation and Change of Organizational Routines based on Organizational Learning

组织惯例研究是演化经济学、组织理论和战略管理的核心概念。基于组织学习的视角,从组织惯例的内涵、组织惯例形成以及隐藏在组织惯例变化背后的作用机制等方面,本文对这一领域的相关文献进行梳理和讨论:第一,低效或是外部环境的变化激发组织成员搜寻问题解决方案,促使组织持续学习,形成新的组织惯例以改善当前的困境;第二,由外部形成的组织惯例大多数由高级管理者建立,产生单环学习;由内部形成的大部分组织惯例是由中低层管理者建立,形成双环学习;第三,在执行面与形式面不一致的情况下,当组织外在环境发生变化时会刺激员工产生新的想法,促使高层次的组织学习。

The research of organizational routines is the core concept of evolutionary economics, organizational theory and strategic management. Based on organizational learning perspective, and by reviewing the literature, this paper dis- cusses the meaning, motivation and source of organizational routines, the mechanism behind the change of organizational routines. Then it makes the following conclusions. First, low efficiency or external environment＇s changes produce power- ful motives for organizations to find solutions for problems and continue learning. These processes then develop new rou- tines to solve the current difficulties. Second, external routines are mainly produced by top managers and formed single- loop learning; meanwhile, internal routines are mainly produced by low managers and formed double- loop learning. Third, under the circumstances when inconsistency between the forms and operation occurs and when there is a change in environment, organizational members will try other methods to solve problem and it will produce more advanced organiza- tional learning.