论词典释义的照应性原则——以《现代汉语词典》的释义为例

About the anaphoric principle of dictionary——As the paraphrase of Modern Chinese Dictionary for example

所谓词典释义的照应性原则,主要包括三个方面的内容,一是不同词语之间的释义要相照应,即在解释某个词语时,不能孤立地去释义,而是要把它与相关的一组词语聚合在一起,通过对这些相关词语的某一义位进行比较,然后再进行释义;二是同一个词语中的语素释义要相照应,即在解释某个多音节词时,既不能遗漏其中的语素,也不宜增加某个语素;三是概念与其外延要相照应,即在对某个表达概念的词语下定义时,下定义项与被定义项的外延之间应相照应。本文以《现代汉语词典》1978年第1版和2012年第6版的释义进行对比研究,并把照应性原则所含的上述三个方面的内容细化,从而归纳出词典释义在照应性方面的一些基本方法。

The contents about the anaphorie principle of dictionary include three aspects. Firstly,the paraphrase between differ- ent words should be care each other. In other words, when we explain one word, we should not explain the word independently. We should keep the relative words together,and compare their same sememes,then we can give the right meaning. Secondly, the morpheme meanings in a word should care each other. Namely, when we explain a multisyUable word, neither do we should miss a morpheme, nor plus a morpheme. Thirdly, the intension and epitaxy of one word should care each other. Namely, when we define a word,the epitaxy o＇f the definition and the word should care each other. The thesis constractly research the para- phrase of the Modem Chinese Dictionary which published in 1978 and 2005 ,and expain the three aspects which are included in the anaphoric principle detailly,then conclude some basic methods about the anaphoric principle of dictionary.