小鼠精子顶体形成相关基因研究进展

Sperm acrosome formation-associated genes in mice:Advances in studies

精子变形是一个复杂的细胞分化和形态学变化过程,顶体形成是其中的一个步骤。顶体是精子头部的重要组成部分,其形成过程包含4个阶段:高尔基体阶段、顶帽阶段、顶体和成熟阶段,其每一步都受多种基因调控。高尔基体阶段的调控基因有GOPC、Hrb、SPATA16、PICK1、CK2α'等,顶帽阶段的调控基因有Fads2、syntaxin 2、Kdm3a及UBR7等;顶体及成熟阶段的调控基因有KIFC1、Rnf19a及DPY19L2等。这些基因的异常会影响核致密层以及顶体锚定体盘与核膜之间的连接,囊泡的融合及运输,最终影响男性的生育能力。本文着重对顶体形成各阶段相关基因的研究进展进行了综述。

Spermiogenesis is a complex process of differentiation and morphologic alteration,in which sperm acrosome formation is an important stage. Acrosome is an essential component of the sperm head,which develops in four distinct phases： Golgi,cap,acrosomal,and maturation,each supported by precise and orderly regulation of various genes. The regulatory genes which act on Golgi apparatus include GOPC,Hrb,SPATA16,PICK1,and CK2α＇,those involved in the cap phase are Fads2,syntaxin 2,Kdm3 a,and UBR7,and participating in acrosomal and maturation phases are KIFC1,Rnf19 a,and DPY19L2. The abnormalities of these genes may affect male fertility by influencing the connection of the nuclear dense lamina and acroplaxome with the nuclear membrane and then the fusion and transportation of vesicles. This review focuses on the genes involved in different phases of acrosome formation.