环境规制、行业异质性与就业效应——基于工业行业面板数据的经验分析

Environmental Regulation,Industry Heterogeneity and Employment Effects:An Empirical Analysis Based on Industrial Panel Data

基于生产的局部均衡模型从理论上分析了环境规制对于企业劳动力需求的规模效应、替代效应和治污与减排效应,并利用中国工业行业面板数据实证检验了各项影响途径,以分析在多重机制的综合作用下环境规制对于总就业及就业结构的影响。研究发现:环境规制与总就业之间呈"U"型关系,随着环境规制的增强其对就业的影响由负向转为正向,而我国目前仍处于"U"型曲线的下降阶段;依据污染程度和技术水平划分就业结构,发现行业的异质性导致U型曲线的形态及位置存在显著差异。因此,制定合理的环境规制水平、分行业实施差异性环境政策并促进行业技术升级对于实现环境治理与就业的双赢具有重要意义。

This paper analyzes the scale effect,the substitution effect and abatement effect of the enterprise labor demand for environmental regulation of the polution control theoretically based on a partial equilibrium model of production. We use the industrial panel data to test the impact of environmental regulation on total employment and the employment structure under the multiple mechanisms. The results show that： First,environmental regulation and total employment showed a U-shaped relationship and the impact of environmental regulation turned from negative to positive as the environmental regulation enhanced. China’s current average intensity of environmental regulation is still in a downward phase of the U-shaped curve. Second,Divided the employment structure according to the pollution level and technology level, industry heterogeneity causes significant differences on the form and location of the U-shape curve. Therefore,it is meaningful to develop a reasonable level of environmental regulation,implement the different environmental policies for different industry and promote industry technology upgrades continuously for realize win-win situation of environment and employment.