基于人类发展指数的儿童青少年身体活动国际比较

An International Comparison of Children and Youth's Physical Activity Based on Human Development Index

以人类发展指数为研究视角,在中国、澳大利亚、加拿大、美国、英国、芬兰、南非和肯尼亚8国发布的《儿童青少年身体活动研究报告》基础上,对儿童青少年身体活动进行国际比较。综合研究视角与研究报告,归纳总结了人类发展指数与儿童青少年身体活动之间的关系:1)人类发展指数是衡量人类综合发展水平的重要指标,在人类发展指数增长的同时,儿童青少年身体活动水平反而在下降;2)社会快速发展带来的生活方式变化是以上规律形成的主要原因;3)社区综合环境在影响儿童青少年身体活动参与方面与人类发展指数呈正向关系;4)国情与制度的不同,使得人类发展指数视角下的学校在促进儿童青少年身体活动方面存在差异。研究认为,基于人类发展指数的研究视角,有助于人们宏观了解儿童青少年身体活动与人类发展之间的关系;儿童青少年身体活动的多元综合评价方式可使人们对学生体质拥有更加客观全面的认识;对儿童青少年身体活动进行横向集中比较,有利于促进我国儿童青少年体育的发展和学生体质的改善。

From the perspective of Human Development Index（HDI）,in the Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth on the basis of China,Canada,USA,England,Finland,South Africa and Kenya,this paper makes an international comparison of children and youth＇s physical activity.Comprehensive perspective and Report Card,sum up the relationship between HDI and children and youth＇s physical activity：1）HDI is an important indicator to measure the level of human comprehensive development,while HDI is increasing,overall physical activity for children and youth are falling;2）The change of life style which is brought by the rapid development of society is the main reason for the formation of the above rules;3）Community and the built environment have positive relationship with HDI in the influence of children and youth＇s physical activity;4）The differences between the national conditions and the system,the ＂ school＂ in the perspective of HDI,there are differences in the promotion of children and youth＇s physical activity.Research suggests that the research perspective is helpful to people understand the relationship between children and youth＇s physical activity withhuman development based on the HDI.Multivariate evaluation index system of children and youth＇s physical activity make people understand students＇ physical fitness objectively and comprehensively.It is beneficial to promote the development of children and youth＇s sport and the improvement of students＇ physical fitness in China.