棉花分行冠内冠上组合风送式喷杆喷雾机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Air-assisted Cotton Boom Sprayer with Separating Row and Spraying in Inside and Upper Canopy

为提高矮化密植棉花的机械化施药效果,将分行冠内施药与风送式施药技术相结合,设计了棉花分行冠内冠上组合风送式喷杆喷雾机。分行器在棉花冠层内部撑开雾滴扩散空间,并通过冠内和冠上的组合式气流扰动和输送,进一步提高雾滴的扩散范围和沉积分布均匀性。介绍了喷雾机总体结构以及分行器的设计,详细阐述了风送系统和导风筒出风口的设计方法,并进行了风场测试和雾量沉积分布试验。风场测试结果表明,棉花行冠层区域气流场风速较大、横向分布较均匀。雾量沉积分布试验结果表明,棉花冠层内部叶片正面雾滴平均覆盖率达到65.30%,叶片反面达到39.83%,上、中、下部冠层叶片正面雾滴平均覆盖率最大相差10.25%,叶片反面最大相差11.75%,整个冠层雾量沉积分布均匀性较好,冠内组合风送施药效果明显提高。

In order to improve the mechanized spraying effect of stunted and close planting cotton,an airassisted cotton boom sprayer with separating row and spraying in inside and upper canopy by combining separating row and spraying inside canopy technology with air-assisted spraying technology was designed.This sprayer braced the droplet diffusion space of inside cotton canopy by row separator and improved droplet diffusion range and distribution uniformity by airflow disturbance and transport of inside and upper cotton canopy. The structure of air-assisted boom sprayer and the design of row separator were described.The air-assisted system was designed by combining substitution principle with end speed principle. The design method of air duct outlet was elaborated. The air-assisted cotton boom sprayer was tested by wind field test and spray deposit distribution test. Wind field test showed wind velocity of the air flow field was big enough and well-distributed. Spray deposit distribution test showed the front leaves average droplet coverage of inside cotton canopy was 65. 30% and the back leaves average droplet coverage of inside cotton canopy was 39. 83%. The biggest difference of front leaves average droplet coverage among upper canopy,middle canopy and lower canopy was 10. 25% and the biggest difference of back leaves average droplet coverage among upper canopy,middle canopy and lower canopy was 11. 75%. The spray deposit distribution uniformity of the whole cotton canopy was good and the spraying effect was improved obviously.